1. Leslie Marmon Silko particularly admired Yellow Woman forher courage and sensualityher devotion to her familyher wisdom and creative imaginationher beautyher ability to communicate with animals and even plants
her courage and sensualityher devotion to her familyher wisdom and creative imaginationher beautyher ability to communicate with animals and even plants
2. Because it is clearly important to know and understand what motivates the decision-makers in modern nation-states, Anthropologists (like Francis Hsu, cited in your text) suggest we think in terms of which of the following concepts?national charactercore valuesmodal personalitiescultural configurationstereotypes
national charactercore valuesmodal personalitiescultural configurationstereotypes
3. The personality social scientists identify as typical of a society, as indicated by the central tendency on a bell-shaped curve of possible personality traits (a "frequency distribution"), is called:a core valuea nuclear personalitya pattern of affect (or feeling)a modal personalitya stereotype
a core valuea nuclear personalitya pattern of affect (or feeling)a modal personalitya stereotype
4. ________________ is the process by which culture is passed from one generation to the next, and by which individuals become members of their society.AssimilationEnculturationAcculturationAdaptationAccommodation
AssimilationEnculturationAcculturationAdaptationAccommodation
5. According to Francis Hsu, the anthropologist cited in your text, the central core value which most consistently characterizes and motivates most Euro-Americans iscooperation for the good of the groupgenerosity in sharing, as part of a deep sense of justice and fair playrugged individualism, a preference for 'going it alone'..and reaping the rewards of one's own effortsdevelopment of the self, rather than accumulation of thingsdependence on others for one's sense of self
cooperation for the good of the groupgenerosity in sharing, as part of a deep sense of justice and fair playrugged individualism, a preference for 'going it alone'..and reaping the rewards of one's own effortsdevelopment of the self, rather than accumulation of thingsdependence on others for one's sense of self
6. An ethnic psychosis refers toan insane or psychotic episode experienced by a person from a culture other than your own.a progressive disease that strikes anthropologists when they spend longer than twelve months in the field.a form of insanity or psychosis characterized by symptoms peculiar to a particular cultural group.a universal form of mental illness.a biologically based disease that resembles schizophrenia (or multiple personality disorder).
an insane or psychotic episode experienced by a person from a culture other than your own.a progressive disease that strikes anthropologists when they spend longer than twelve months in the field.a form of insanity or psychosis characterized by symptoms peculiar to a particular cultural group.a universal form of mental illness.a biologically based disease that resembles schizophrenia (or multiple personality disorder).
7. In Western countries, "our" ethnic psychosis of choice is a psychological disorder which occurs primarily among young women in which a preoccupation with thinness results in a refusal to eat. This one is calledrunning amokanorexia nervosalatah (from drinking too many lattes?)couch-potato-itispibloktoq
running amokanorexia nervosalatah (from drinking too many lattes?)couch-potato-itispibloktoq
8. Today in Native American societies, the preferred term to describe an individual who falls between the categories of "man" and "woman" isberdachegaypassive homosexualtwo-spiriteffeminate
berdachegaypassive homosexualtwo-spiriteffeminate
9. Which of the following child-rearing practices were characteristic of the Ju'/hoansi (also known as !Kung)in their traditional food-foraging lifestyle?Because men and women do very different and separate tasks, boys and girls are separated at an early age so each can begin learning the correct gender-appropriate work roles as soon as they are physically able.Because men are frequently away on hunting trips, children hardly ever see or interact with their fathers. This fosters a kind of social distance that is often intimidating for the children.Because young children are raised almost exclusively by their mothers and aunts, boys have a particular difficulty in having to renounce the female influences as they learn to take on the male personas expected of them.In the effort to encourage self-reliance, infants are weaned early from nursing, and are often left on their own in camp, while both parents are out working.None of the above would be accurate descriptions of the traditional food-foraging Ju'/hoansi child rearing practices.
Because men and women do very different and separate tasks, boys and girls are separated at an early age so each can begin learning the correct gender-appropriate work roles as soon as they are physically able.Because men are frequently away on hunting trips, children hardly ever see or interact with their fathers. This fosters a kind of social distance that is often intimidating for the children.Because young children are raised almost exclusively by their mothers and aunts, boys have a particular difficulty in having to renounce the female influences as they learn to take on the male personas expected of them.In the effort to encourage self-reliance, infants are weaned early from nursing, and are often left on their own in camp, while both parents are out working.None of the above would be accurate descriptions of the traditional food-foraging Ju'/hoansi child rearing practices.
10. In the Pakistani Punjab village described in 'Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief', the villagers consider which of the following to be the primary drives and desires which motivate men?'wine, women, and song', a sense that life is ' a gift' to be celebrated and enjoyed.'women, wealth, and land', a sense that possession of these three is the mark of a successful life.'winning, wealth, and worship', a sense that one must combine piety and agressiveness to achieve a successful life.'poverty, piety, and poetry', a sense that the true riches which mark a life as successful are of the spirit, not of the material world.
'wine, women, and song', a sense that life is ' a gift' to be celebrated and enjoyed.'women, wealth, and land', a sense that possession of these three is the mark of a successful life.'winning, wealth, and worship', a sense that one must combine piety and agressiveness to achieve a successful life.'poverty, piety, and poetry', a sense that the true riches which mark a life as successful are of the spirit, not of the material world.
11. According to the article, "Yellow Woman and a Beauty of the Spirit", which of the following would have been LEAST likely to happen in (or least characteristic of) traditional "old days" Laguna culture?a married woman having a lovera man dressing as a womana woman getting pregnant before her marriagea clear distinction being made between men's work and women's worka man doing basket-making or weaving
a married woman having a lovera man dressing as a womana woman getting pregnant before her marriagea clear distinction being made between men's work and women's worka man doing basket-making or weaving
12. Why do the daycare centers, into which working mothers in the United States place their children, often not work to the children's benefit as much as a traditional culture's extended family child care does?Most daycare center workers are uneducated, and lack social skills, so are poor role models for the children in their care.Most daycare center workers don't really care about other people's children.Most day care workers come from out of town, and have long tiring commutes...naptime becomes more for their benefit than the children's.Low pay guarantees a high rate of personnel turnover at daycare centers, so the children get little sense of continuity as they try to learn how the world works and who they are.Little chance for promotion keeps the morale of daycare workers low, and fosters a negativism which gets passed on to the children.
Most daycare center workers are uneducated, and lack social skills, so are poor role models for the children in their care.Most daycare center workers don't really care about other people's children.Most day care workers come from out of town, and have long tiring commutes...naptime becomes more for their benefit than the children's.Low pay guarantees a high rate of personnel turnover at daycare centers, so the children get little sense of continuity as they try to learn how the world works and who they are.Little chance for promotion keeps the morale of daycare workers low, and fosters a negativism which gets passed on to the children.
13. As discussed in your text, part of developing a sense of self-awareness includes learning about one's "behavioral environment". This includesthe process of learning how to act appropriately in the many social settings in which one livesthe culturally defined categories of things that exist in the world one grows up ina spatial orientation that provides, both literally and culturally, a map of the world that one moves through in a lifetimethe moral codes, core values and cultural premises that guide people's behavior in the cultural groups one lives in and amongall of the above are considered to be part of a person's behavioral environment
the process of learning how to act appropriately in the many social settings in which one livesthe culturally defined categories of things that exist in the world one grows up ina spatial orientation that provides, both literally and culturally, a map of the world that one moves through in a lifetimethe moral codes, core values and cultural premises that guide people's behavior in the cultural groups one lives in and amongall of the above are considered to be part of a person's behavioral environment
14. Which of the following best illustrates the concept of an "ascribed" status?Yanomamovolunteer on a fund drivestudent at L.C.C.wifelogger
Yanomamovolunteer on a fund drivestudent at L.C.C.wifelogger
15. In the article, ' Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief', how did the author finally estabish his right to be a full person and member of the village community?by being willing to take the villager's teasing and criticism without getting angry.by teaching English to the young children of the village, thus demonstrating that he did have some intelligence.by being able to demonstrate that he must be a member of one of the main kinship groups in the village.by setting up a medical service and taking on an identity as a doctor.by helping villagers in some court cases and land disputes. thus taking on an identity as a lawyer.
by being willing to take the villager's teasing and criticism without getting angry.by teaching English to the young children of the village, thus demonstrating that he did have some intelligence.by being able to demonstrate that he must be a member of one of the main kinship groups in the village.by setting up a medical service and taking on an identity as a doctor.by helping villagers in some court cases and land disputes. thus taking on an identity as a lawyer.
16. Because of the high value placed on individualism, children in the United States tend to develop self-awareness noticeably earlier than children in foraging cultures, such as the Ju/'hoansi (the !Kung).TrueFalse
TrueFalse
17. As Rhonda Kay Williamson the author of the Original Study, "The Blessed Curse" was growing up, how did her immediate family (parents and siblings) react to this intersexed child?Being devout Christians, they figured that she was the way God intended this child of theirs to be, and treated her as specially favored for that reason.They just accepted that that was who and how s/he was, and treated her much the same as they did their other children.They were shocked and disgusted by her 'deformities', interpreting this as a punishment from God, and a sign that the devil was in her.Understanding how difficult it would be for her/him to be seen as "different", they put special effort into helping this child to develop a positive self-concept.Because they didn't know how to deal with Rhonda's strangeness, they went "into denial" and pretended that this condition didn't even exist; this meant that s/he grew up unaware that there was or might be any issues around her sexual identity.
Being devout Christians, they figured that she was the way God intended this child of theirs to be, and treated her as specially favored for that reason.They just accepted that that was who and how s/he was, and treated her much the same as they did their other children.They were shocked and disgusted by her 'deformities', interpreting this as a punishment from God, and a sign that the devil was in her.Understanding how difficult it would be for her/him to be seen as "different", they put special effort into helping this child to develop a positive self-concept.Because they didn't know how to deal with Rhonda's strangeness, they went "into denial" and pretended that this condition didn't even exist; this meant that s/he grew up unaware that there was or might be any issues around her sexual identity.
18. Which of the following would be the best example of INTER-PERSONAL role conflict?As a houseguest, you expect to help your host/hostess to clean up the dinner dishes; your host family is offended by this insult to their hospitality.Your daughter is in the Anthropology class you are teaching....and she's failing!!!As a good American father, you are expected to be both an 'authority figure' and a 'pal' to your seven-year-old son.You, a single parent, have to take three days off of work to care for your sick child.As an anthropologist 'in the field', you want to become good friends with the people you are staying with..and to keep your professional objectivity as you report on their behaviors.
As a houseguest, you expect to help your host/hostess to clean up the dinner dishes; your host family is offended by this insult to their hospitality.Your daughter is in the Anthropology class you are teaching....and she's failing!!!As a good American father, you are expected to be both an 'authority figure' and a 'pal' to your seven-year-old son.You, a single parent, have to take three days off of work to care for your sick child.As an anthropologist 'in the field', you want to become good friends with the people you are staying with..and to keep your professional objectivity as you report on their behaviors.
19. In the article by Leslie Marmon Silko, who is "Yellow Woman"?her favorite aunt (mother's sister)her grandmother Lily's "Indian name"the Mother Creator in Laguna religious beliefherself - the name Leslie goes by in the puebloher favorite character in her people's "old stories"
her favorite aunt (mother's sister)her grandmother Lily's "Indian name"the Mother Creator in Laguna religious beliefherself - the name Leslie goes by in the puebloher favorite character in her people's "old stories"
20. 'STATUS', AS USED IN ANTHROPOLOGY, REFERS TO:A HIGH PLACE IN A SOCIAL HIERARCHYA SET OF BEHAVIORS EXPECTED OF YOU IN A SPECIFIC SOCIAL SITUATIONA CULTURALLY DEFINED POSITION ASSOCIATED WITH A. PARTICULAR SOCIAL STRUCTUREA PERSON WHO TAKES ON A. PARTICULAR JOB, SUCH AS THAT OF PRESIDENT OF U.S.A.A SYMBOL OF SOCIAL OR ECONOMIC SUCCESS
A HIGH PLACE IN A SOCIAL HIERARCHYA SET OF BEHAVIORS EXPECTED OF YOU IN A SPECIFIC SOCIAL SITUATIONA CULTURALLY DEFINED POSITION ASSOCIATED WITH A. PARTICULAR SOCIAL STRUCTUREA PERSON WHO TAKES ON A. PARTICULAR JOB, SUCH AS THAT OF PRESIDENT OF U.S.A.A SYMBOL OF SOCIAL OR ECONOMIC SUCCESS
21. In the article, 'Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief', how did the Punjabi villagers indicate their unwillingness to recognize the author as occupying the status of 'full person'?They would not allow him to wear their kind of traditional dress.They spoke to him in a manner appropriate for talking to children, which is insulting when directed at adults.They refused to address him or refer to him by his name.They insisted on using the most formal forms of their language when they talked to him, thus expressing the social distance they perceived between themselves and Richard.
They would not allow him to wear their kind of traditional dress.They spoke to him in a manner appropriate for talking to children, which is insulting when directed at adults.They refused to address him or refer to him by his name.They insisted on using the most formal forms of their language when they talked to him, thus expressing the social distance they perceived between themselves and Richard.
22. _________________ refers to child-rearing practices that foster compliance in the performance of assigned tasks and reliance on the domestic group.Independence trainingAssertiveness trainingPassivity trainingDomesticity trainingDependence training
Independence trainingAssertiveness trainingPassivity trainingDomesticity trainingDependence training
23. According to the discussion in your text, the process of developing "self-awareness" is best defined as:the ability to assume rolesthe ability to define oneself as an object (or being?), to react to oneself, and to evaluate oneself in relation to the rest of the environments one is in.the process by which one learns to discriminate right from wrongthe awareness that one has lived a previous life, and is starting another roundthe learning of the language of one's group, which enables a child to have names for things and people in the local universe
the ability to assume rolesthe ability to define oneself as an object (or being?), to react to oneself, and to evaluate oneself in relation to the rest of the environments one is in.the process by which one learns to discriminate right from wrongthe awareness that one has lived a previous life, and is starting another roundthe learning of the language of one's group, which enables a child to have names for things and people in the local universe
24. A famous study undertaken of the national character of the Japanese during World War II is important to students and social scientists today, becauseit illustrates the problem of generalizing from minimal evidence to explain complex social phenomenait demonstrates the continued effect of Japanese controlling child-rearing practices on the development of the Japanese national characterit demonstrates the usefulness and validity of national character studies as guides to the decision-makers of todayit explains how come the Japanese are so successful in business todayit demonstrates the effectiveness of dependence training in motivating people to sacrifice themselves for a common goal
it illustrates the problem of generalizing from minimal evidence to explain complex social phenomenait demonstrates the continued effect of Japanese controlling child-rearing practices on the development of the Japanese national characterit demonstrates the usefulness and validity of national character studies as guides to the decision-makers of todayit explains how come the Japanese are so successful in business todayit demonstrates the effectiveness of dependence training in motivating people to sacrifice themselves for a common goal
25. According to your text, which of the following societal practices enables one to "become the owner of oneself and capacities"?a strong and clear moral systemindependence trainingany form of religiondependence trainingadherence to the letter fo the law.
a strong and clear moral systemindependence trainingany form of religiondependence trainingadherence to the letter fo the law.
26. "Status", as used in Anthropology, refers to:a high place in a social hierarchya set of behaviors expected of you in a specific social situationa culturally defined position in a particular social structurea person who takes on a particular job, such as that of president of U.S.A.a symbol of social or economic success
a high place in a social hierarchya set of behaviors expected of you in a specific social situationa culturally defined position in a particular social structurea person who takes on a particular job, such as that of president of U.S.A.a symbol of social or economic success
27. In the article, 'Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief', during the first weeks of the author's stay in the Punjabi village, how did the villagers indicate that they had not yet granted him the status of 'full person'They housed him at the edge of the village, both literally and symbolically, keeping him at a distance.They refused to speak to him in their own language, insisting that he always use an interpreter.They refused to allow him to watch any of their religious rituals.They refused to call him by his name, referring to him always as 'the Englishman.'They refused to let him into their own homes, insisting that he conduct all his interviews in public.
They housed him at the edge of the village, both literally and symbolically, keeping him at a distance.They refused to speak to him in their own language, insisting that he always use an interpreter.They refused to allow him to watch any of their religious rituals.They refused to call him by his name, referring to him always as 'the Englishman.'They refused to let him into their own homes, insisting that he conduct all his interviews in public.
28. Richard Kurin, the author of 'Doctor. Lawyer, Indian Chief', had trouble finding and then being accepted into a Punjabi village because , in villagers eyes, he occupied which of the following statuses?status of elite city-dwellerstatus of spystatus of fool, ignorant dolt.status of shameless infidel.Richard was perceived at one time or another as occupying all of these 'non-belonging' statuses.
status of elite city-dwellerstatus of spystatus of fool, ignorant dolt.status of shameless infidel.Richard was perceived at one time or another as occupying all of these 'non-belonging' statuses.
29. Which of the following is generally considered to be an "achieved" status?sister7-year-old!Kung or Ju/'hoansi of the Kalahari of South Africasonnone of the above would be regarded as primarily an achieved status
sister7-year-old!Kung or Ju/'hoansi of the Kalahari of South Africasonnone of the above would be regarded as primarily an achieved status
30. As discussed in the Original Study in chapter 16/5, which of the following would be a cultural premise or core value of many traditional Native American cultures?Every thing in the universe has a spirit that was given by the Great Spirit, and is therefore to be valued and considered sacred.How one is born in this life is seen as a reward or punishment for how well and morally one has lived one's previous life.The Great Spirit created a clearly orderly and predictable universe, with " a place for everything..." and little room for in-betweens or ambiguities, leading to a low tolerance for "oddities" among most tribes.The Great Spirit's central role in the universe is to put all its beings "to the test", to see who will be worthy of a happy afterlife.The "sins of the parents are visited" upon their children, meaning that it is parents moral failures that cause difficulties or "abnormalities" in their children
Every thing in the universe has a spirit that was given by the Great Spirit, and is therefore to be valued and considered sacred.How one is born in this life is seen as a reward or punishment for how well and morally one has lived one's previous life.The Great Spirit created a clearly orderly and predictable universe, with " a place for everything..." and little room for in-betweens or ambiguities, leading to a low tolerance for "oddities" among most tribes.The Great Spirit's central role in the universe is to put all its beings "to the test", to see who will be worthy of a happy afterlife.The "sins of the parents are visited" upon their children, meaning that it is parents moral failures that cause difficulties or "abnormalities" in their children
31. An example of an "ascribed" status would be:Ph.D.bishophigh school drop-outmiddle child in a familypresident, Ramblers Motorcycle Club
Ph.D.bishophigh school drop-outmiddle child in a familypresident, Ramblers Motorcycle Club
32. THE CULTURALLY DEFINED POSITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A PARTICULAR SOCIAL STRUCTURE ARE CALLED:ROLESSTATUSESRANKSSOCIAL SITUATIONSSOCIAL GROUPS
ROLESSTATUSESRANKSSOCIAL SITUATIONSSOCIAL GROUPS
33. During World War II, social scientists interested in exploring the idea that basic personality traits are shared by most members of a society carried out a series of studies ofcore valuesnational charactermodal personalitydependence trainingstereotypes
core valuesnational charactermodal personalitydependence trainingstereotypes
34. An example of an "achieved status" is:daughterbuilding custodianchildfemalenone of the above
daughterbuilding custodianchildfemalenone of the above
35. To what does the title of the original study called "The Blessed Curse" refer?To the author's time of reaching puberty, when her menstrual cycles started (the "curse"), which nonetheless was valued because it meant she would be able to bear children (the "blessing")To the period of adolescence as typically experienced by many North American teenagers...AND their parents! ...clearly a time of "mixed blessings" for all.To the author's status as an intersexed person, which meant she would never be able to have children...which could be seen as both a curse and a blessingTo the opposite reactions this intersex child received from her Christian parents and her Cherokee grandmotherTo the practice of female "circumcision", which in many cultures is considered necessary for a girl to be able to marry and have children, yet which causes much physical and emotional trauma
To the author's time of reaching puberty, when her menstrual cycles started (the "curse"), which nonetheless was valued because it meant she would be able to bear children (the "blessing")To the period of adolescence as typically experienced by many North American teenagers...AND their parents! ...clearly a time of "mixed blessings" for all.To the author's status as an intersexed person, which meant she would never be able to have children...which could be seen as both a curse and a blessingTo the opposite reactions this intersex child received from her Christian parents and her Cherokee grandmotherTo the practice of female "circumcision", which in many cultures is considered necessary for a girl to be able to marry and have children, yet which causes much physical and emotional trauma
36. In traditional ("old days") Laguna Pueblo culture, women were most admired for which of the following attributes?their physical beauty or elegancetheir gracefulness of movement, especially as dancers in the sacred ceremoniestheir strength and sturdinesstheir gentleness and steadiness of temperamenttheir skill and artistry in the valued crafts of basketry, weaving and other handwork
their physical beauty or elegancetheir gracefulness of movement, especially as dancers in the sacred ceremoniestheir strength and sturdinesstheir gentleness and steadiness of temperamenttheir skill and artistry in the valued crafts of basketry, weaving and other handwork
37. In the article, 'Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief', what was the status that first granted the author some measure of respect on the part of the villagers?the status of 'nice person', genuinely trying to learn village customs.the status of 'teacher' someone who really did have some useful knowledge and skills.the status of 'doctor', someone who could cure all ailments.the status of 'missionary', a man of religious faith and devotion.the status of 'honest person', someone who was willing to confess that he had come to spy on them.
the status of 'nice person', genuinely trying to learn village customs.the status of 'teacher' someone who really did have some useful knowledge and skills.the status of 'doctor', someone who could cure all ailments.the status of 'missionary', a man of religious faith and devotion.the status of 'honest person', someone who was willing to confess that he had come to spy on them.
38. Childrearing in much of modern North America tends to emphasize and encourage which of the following personality traits?Taking responsibility for oneself and one's own outcomes.Seeing oneself as in competition with others for attention and rewards.Having a relatively low sense of involvement in or support of family or other groups: a "look out for #1" approach.A willingness to take risks of non-conforming or occasionally speaking out, even in situations where 'going along' would better one's chances of success.All of the above are included in the development of a characteristic 'modal personality' range in North America.
Taking responsibility for oneself and one's own outcomes.Seeing oneself as in competition with others for attention and rewards.Having a relatively low sense of involvement in or support of family or other groups: a "look out for #1" approach.A willingness to take risks of non-conforming or occasionally speaking out, even in situations where 'going along' would better one's chances of success.All of the above are included in the development of a characteristic 'modal personality' range in North America.
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